While both are reptiles, the main distinction is that turtles are adapted for a semi-aquatic lifestyle, while tortoises are entirely terrestrial. Turtles typically have streamlined shells and webbed feet, while tortoises have more domed shells and stumpy legs.

Common signs of illness include lethargy, loss of appetite, abnormal breathing, sunken eyes, discharge from the eyes or nose, shell abnormalities, and white fungal growth. Prompt attention from an experienced reptile veterinarian is crucial if any of these symptoms are observed.

The ideal habitat depends on the species, but most require a secure enclosure with adequate space, appropriate substrate, hiding spots, and a temperature gradient. Aquatic turtles need a water area with a basking area, while tortoises require a dry environment with proper heating and humidity levels.

Diets vary by species, but generally, aquatic turtles are omnivorous, eating both plants and protein sources like fish or insects. Most tortoises are herbivorous, requiring a varied diet of grasses, weeds, fruits, and vegetables.

While turtles and tortoises can make interesting pets, they require specialized care and commitment. Their specific habitat and dietary needs, as well as their potential for carrying salmonella, make them more suitable for experienced reptile owners or those willing to dedicate significant time and resources.

Providing environmental enrichment is important for their physical and mental well-being. This can include offering various types of substrates, adding non-toxic live or artificial plants, providing climbing structures or logs, rotating new items into their enclosure, and offering food-based enrichment through foraging opportunities.